Wednesday, October 24, 2018

The 12 Apostles Violin Cases by W.E. Hill and Sons

They don’t make the music but ensure the instrument gets to its audiences. This London violinmaker created some of the most beautiful cases ever made.

When is a package or container almost as valued as its contents? One imagines the Fabergé eggs as an incomparable embodiment and celebration of the exterior. On a much grander scale, some of the great concert halls of the world - the Culture and Congress Centre Concert Hall in Lucerne, the Boston Symphony Hall, Grosser Musikvereinssaal in Vienna, Berlin’s Philharmonie, the Tokyo Opera City Concert Hall, and the Christchurch Town Hall Auditorium (New Zealand) come to mind - are a type of packaging for the impressive music created within their walls.

There are violin cases that are or were made to approximate the beauty and craftsmanship of the fine violins held inside. Before the advent of scientifically driven case details (humidity gauges and the like), there were the 12 Apostles Violin Cases made by the W.E. Hill & Sons shop in London. As the name implies, there were only a dozen made (on New Bond Street, noticeably in the neighborhood of the Fabergé shop), perhaps because few could afford the opulence and fine workmanship that went into building these cases.

Lest anyone question the value of a case, which produces no music at all, consider the fact that one of the 12 Apostles sold at auction in 2016 for $17,220.

The Hill family violin shop, led by founder Willam Ebsworth Hill (1817-1895) existed for 105 years (1887-1992), but actually drew from a history of luthiers stretching back to Hill’s great grandfather. The firm made both violins and cellos, but was respected for its work in repairs, bows, fittings, identification and authentication, and ultimately, for fine case making.

The prized 12 Apostles were limited because of the extravagant time required to make them. The violin shop’s own brochure floridly described them: “In our opinion, the case containing so fine a work of art as a good violin should be pleasing and indeed beautiful....we endeavor, by the use of choice wood, and ornamental inlaid bordering, and the highest quality workmanship throughout, to make them as beautiful as possible, and receptacles worthy of fine violins.”

That workmanship included handmade locks and flush-bolts, a lined button (with cork) made to hold the bow, and intricate patterns of inlaid wood in musical motifs. All 12 are different - at least one case has its own covering of leather, a case over a case - and several have held violins by the fabled violinmaker, Antonio Stradivarius.

Such rich detailing on a case is not out of place, considering the time and place of the most accomplished violin, viola, and cello players of the day. Great concerts were attended by the higher echelons of society of the 16th, 17th, 18th and 19th centuries. Higher still were the courts and palaces where the most sought after musicians of the Victorian era - can you say Paganini? - would be hired to entertain private audiences. The etiquette of that time was excruciatingly precise; the arrival of the musician must clearly have been an observed and choreographed moment. To be dressed in the finest of clothes might also require an exquisite violin case.

Fine instrument cases, clearly the work of artists, do not have a catalogue raisonné as with the work of acclaimed visual artists. So the precise whereabouts of all of Hill’s 12 Apostles is not clear (based on an Internet search). The 2016 auction price might have raised the profile of this rarified group, sufficiently so such that any that are lost in an attic or orchestra hall storage room might turn up in the future.

Carl Frederick Becker: The Dean of American Violinmaking

The 17th and 18th centuries produced the Stradivariuses. But the 20th and 21st centuries had the Chicago violinmaker Carl Fredrick Becker.

Chicago’s Fine Arts Building, a gem of the Windy City just steps from Symphony Center and the home of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, is home to Carl Becker & Son. The firm now employs a fifth generation in the Becker family, which makes fine violins, violas, and cellos.

But perhaps best known among the Becker family is Carl Frederick Becker (1919-2013), who was the second generation in the family to become a violinmaker. His father, Carl G. Becker, was also a violinmaker (and who also crafted cellos) in the employ of William Lewis & Son in Chicago. But while the two worked side by side for more than 20 years (1948-1968), they didn’t open their own shop under the Becker family name until 1968, just seven years before the elder Becker died. Together, they made more than 500 instruments.

Even though Carl Becker Jr. only made 13 instruments by himself, he was renowned among violinmakers and stringed instrument players for his ability to repair and restore violins. He is famously credited for having restored the “Lady Blunt” Stradivarius, using a method of applying light pressure and tiny bit of room temperature water to a little dimple in the middle of the violin back.

Becker influenced several notable modern violinmakers who trained with him before his death in 2013, including Peter Beare, Charles Rufino, Samuel Zygmuntowicz and Eric Benning.

“He made these little mini brass bars that would put a very light pressure on the dent, pushing it out. He would dampen it very lightly with water and apply the tiniest bit of pressure,” says Charles Rufino, a New York luthier who spoke to The Violinist upon Becker’s death in 2013. “He didn't have to heat it or do any kind of destructive or threatening thing. This was the way he worked, all the time."

Over his 76-year career, Becker developed a sense of the relationship between the human musician and the “living” instrument. Ruffino observed that “Carl’s entire focus was: make it play great, and make it comfortable for the musician,” he says. “There’s an awful lot of arcane knowledge that goes into making an instrument comfortable.”

Becker’s great nephew, violinmaker Eric Benning, described his training with Becker as marked with a quality of exactitude. “One day I tried to assure him by saying, ‘I’ll be careful.’ Carl stopped me and said, ‘I don’t want you to be careful. I want you to be sure.’ There’s a world of difference between the two,” said Benning. “It was a vital perspective to share at that moment. I’m always mindful of the differentiation.”

Another tenet of Becker’s approach was to treat a violin repair as an engineering project. He mastered the distribution of tension by manipulating the pressure of the strings, changing neck angles, altering specific points about the fingerboard and adjusting the sound post and bridge.

The Becker family line of musicians and instrument makers dates back to Carl Jr.’s grand parents, who lost their first violin shop violin shop in the Great Chicago Fire of 1871. Today, children and grandchildren of Carl Becker Jr. work in the Fine Arts Building shop, some as luthiers, others in the business administration aspects of the firm.

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